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The Bright Spark's Guide to Telecommunications

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TheBSGTT NANPA - Area Codes TheBSGTT



About Area Codes:

When I first took a telecommunications certification exam years ago - there were about 5 questions (each worth 8 points) on Area Codes .

Somehow, I passed the exam but I know for a fact that I missed at least three questions on the North American Numbering Plan.

Here's why:

The original NPA (Numbering Plan Assignment) took the following 10 digit format:



Area Code CO/Exchange Code Subscriber
N 0/1 X N N X X X X X
Total Area Code numbers available:

1st Digit:   8 (2 through 9)
2nd Digit: 2 (0 & 1)
3rd Digit: 10 (0 through 9)

Total Area Codes: 8 x 2 x 10 = 160
(8 were reserved)


The Area Code break-out formula looked like this:
  • Area Code 1st digit: N = 2 through 9.
    0 & 1 were reserved for operator access & calling card use.
  • Area Code 2nd digit: 0 or 1.
    Used in switching technology. 0 or 1 signified an Area Code (LD Call).
  • Area Code 3rd digit: Any digit*
    *1 was reserved i.e. 311, 411


Then in 1995 - the Area Code numbering assignments changed for the obvious reason: (We were running out of telephone numbers!)

Note: The Exchange Code assignment changed prior to 1995. However, I will cover this on another page.

So, with the addition of Cell Phones, Pagers, PDAs, and the like - the following schema took effect:


Area Code CO/Exchange Code Subscriber
N X X N X X X X X X
Total Area Code numbers available:

1st Digit:  8 (2 through 9)
2nd Digit: 10 (0 through 9)
3rd Digit: 10 (0 through 9)

Total Area Codes: 8 x 10 x 10 = 800*
(*Several are still reserved)


Some notes for aspiring PBX Admins:

Toll-free numbers are free, right?

  • 1-800
  • 866
  • 1-877
  • 1-888


That depends on who you are and whether or not there are options below the dialed 1-800 number.

If you are an inbound caller to let's say a Technical Support Center - regardless of the Call Processing menu options upfront - the call is more than likely free to you.

However, if you are an Call Center Agent in the Technical Support Center answering the call - that same call is not free. Your company is incurring heavy-duty recurring costs on inbound 1-800 calls.

The above scenario is commonplace in the business world today. The caller rides free while the business does not.

Let's put a wrinkle in it.

You call up an Astrology 1-800 Hotline.

The call is free, right?

Yes and no. The call is free until you select a Call Processing Menu Option to learn more - then bingo. The call will end up on your telephone bill!

So what about 1-900 numbers?

We all know where most of them point to - so let's block them, right?

Yes and no - depends.

A lot of hi-tech companies have turned to the 1-900 area code because they were being eaten alive by inbound technical support questions.

So, to alleviate the heavy-duty recurring costs - they offer 60 days free technical support on an 1-800 number.

After this period - callers must use the 1-900 number (billable to the caller.) Microsoft employs this approach.

On the surface - it appears like a cheap-shot at the caller by vendors. But it's not - businesses can only absorb x recurring telephone costs or otherwise their product has little or no profit margin.

Now, what do you as a PBX Admin do?

Do you restrict each 1-900 number within the PBX? Sure, if you want to - go ahead!

However, because of the logistics involved and the increasing number of legitimate business using the 1-900 approach - you just might want to put a Forced Authorization Code upfront of any 900 number dialed. Issue the codes to the managers and individuals who require outbound access to the particular vendors.

What about 1-411 - is that free? No, it's another recurring cost on your telephone bill. Restricting or keeping open is entirely your call. Some companies block 1-411 and have the dialed digits routed to the switchboard operator. (You never know - the caller might be looking for a commonly dialed number. Why absorb the cost?)

That's it on Area Codes!

Now, you know why I had such a struggle with the Area Code questions in that Telecom Certification Exam. (Just throw the Exchange Code into the mix - and you'd run for cover too.)



 
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